Tag: DESIGN
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RR-8 An Evaluation of Multi-objective Optimization for the Design of Heat Exchangers
June 03, 2026
This study explores the use of multi-objective optimization for the design of heat exchangers. After a discussion of the technique and components needed for this tool, several design cases for both shell-and-tube and air-cooled heat exchangers are examined, and the results are compared to conventional design strategies. These examples illuminate that...
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Beyond the Basics: Multi-Objective Optimization for Design of Heat Exchangers
May 21, 2025
Commercial heat exchangers in the process industries are designed according to standards from entities such as TEMA or API. The designer’s goal is to maximize the heat transfer coefficient and minimize cost, area, and pressure drop. However, these objectives often conflict. For example, changing a geometric design parameter such as tube...
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CG-13 Modeling Spray Condensers
December 20, 2023
This report reviews and evaluates literature methods for modeling spray condensers. It discusses droplet size, distribution, motion, and mass and heat transfer in a hot vapor stream. The methods in the literature are sufficient for modeling spray condensation of a single component without a noncondensable gas. Limited research on spray condensation of...
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Is My Design OK? The Challenges of High Effectiveness Exchangers
June 14, 2018
Temperature effectiveness is the change in process fluid stream temperature divided by the difference between the hottest and coldest temperatures in the exchanger. If the required effectiveness is greater than 0.8, non-ideal fabrication or variable process conditions can significantly reduce performance of many exchanger types (shell-and-tube, plate-frame, plate-fin, etc.). Learn about...
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TT-18 Design guidance for no-tube-in-window (NTIW) baffles
January 26, 2017
Component: Xist Date posted: 25 March 2015 Last updated: 16 May 2024 Compared to other segmental baffle designs, no-tube-in-window (NTIW) baffles improve tube support with low pressure drop. Adding intermediate support plates between baffles can alleviate tube vibration for virtually any baffle spacing, thus simplifying low pressure drop designs. However, NTIW...
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TT-5 Design guidance for distributor plates in X shells
January 26, 2017
Component: Xist Date posted: 13 March 2008 Last updated: 13 June 2024 The thermal and hydraulic calculations in Xist assume that the shellside flow in X shells is uniformly distributed along the length of the bundle after entering the exchanger and before moving through the bundle in cross flow. This TechTip...
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Is My Design OK? Lessons Learned: Falling Film Evaporators
February 01, 2017
The purpose of this webinar is to discuss industry experience with vertical tubeside falling film evaporators, including specified applications and design principles for configuration. In this webinar, we identify potential design problems in keeping tube walls wet and discuss HTRI’s current methods in addressing these concerns within Xist®....
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Is My Design OK? Trends in Process Heat Transfer Webinar
January 16, 2017
In this webinar, we will discuss key trends in the field of process heat transfer. Reasons and methods to reduce thermal design margins, increase process efficiencies, and improve manufacturing are identified during this session....
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Is My Design OK? Modeling Air-Cooled Condensers with Subcooling
January 16, 2017
Subcooling is often required for air-cooled condensers. This webinar will address common technical support questions such as – how many tubes and passes are needed to subcool sufficiently? how is phase separation modeled? what are the best modeling guidelines for Xace®? – and provide HTRI's recommendations. Attending this webinar will help...
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Is My Design OK? Applying API 661 Annex C to Air-Cooled Heat Exchanger Designs with Viscous and High Pour Point Fluids
January 16, 2017
Winterization in accordance with API 661 Annex C may need to be considered by designers when air-cooled heat exchangers are operating in climatic extremes. In order to prevent operating problems in-situ, a temperature safety margin should be added to the critical process temperature to determine the specified minimum tubewall temperature. For...
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TT-16 Selecting face velocities for API air-cooler designs
September 28, 2026
This TechTip presents an overview of recommendations from the Communication Committee – Houston (TX), including a table of specific face velocity ranges. ...
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Is My Design OK? Design Guidance for Impingement Rods
January 16, 2017
This webinar discusses the background of impingement rods used in heat exchanger design, identifies HTRI recommendations for the use of impingement rods (and their design), and describes current HTRI research in this field....
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Is My Design OK? Designing with Dummy Tubes
January 16, 2017
Dummy tube use is commonly overlooked and underspecified in tubular heat exchanger design. This webinar provides definitions of dummy tube types, explains why and when they are needed, and, using specific design examples, explores their use in Xist® Version 7....
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Is My Design OK? Selecting Finned-Tube Bundles
January 16, 2017
Are you using Xchanger Suite® to model finned-tube bundles? This webinar provides an overview of finned tubes and the various types of finned tubes that Xchanger Suite models. In addition to guidance on when to select each type, the session highlights important, high-level mechanical design aspects of finned tubes....
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Is My Design OK? Evaluating the Potential for Acoustic Vibration
January 16, 2017
Intense sound and vibration can be produced by gas flow through a heat exchanger array of tubes. Typically, the oscillating pressure corresponds to a transverse standing wave across the heat exchanger shell that is perpendicular to the crossflow and the tube axes. The sound is attributed to flow-induced pressure pulsations that...
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Is My Design OK? Heat Exchangers with Viscous Oils
January 16, 2017
Designing for applications using viscous oils is challenging. These fluids vary widely in viscosity, generally have a low Reynolds number, and can experience substantial flow maldistribution. To account for the resulting uncertainty, traditional thermal designs often include large fouling factors. This webinar identifies typical design issues and discusses the methods and...
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Is My Design OK? Floating Head Design and Effects on Tube Layout
January 16, 2017
This webinar will discuss the reasons for using floating heads, the differences between the four types (S, T, P, and W), and the effects of diameter and length on floating head design. As we describe design considerations for each type, we will provide tips and rules-of-thumb for achieving optimal, practical designs....
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Is My Design OK? Temperature Efficiency in Design
January 16, 2017
Design software packages use incremental models to correlate the performance of heat exchanger geometry and fluid heat release curves; however, the heat exchanger thermal efficiency is often lost in the process. Thermal efficiency enables designers to select appropriate heat exchanger geometries with respect to heat release curves. It also helps them...
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Is My Design OK? Thermosiphon Modeling in Xist
January 16, 2017
To help you better use Xist® to model thermosiphon reboilers, this webinar begins with an overview of thermosiphon reboiler operations. Next, we discuss design rules-of-thumb and Xist input guidelines, including reboiler inputs and piping. The webinar concludes with helpful hints for interpreting results by focusing on troubleshooting error messages....
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Is My Design OK? Baffled by Heat Exchanger Design
January 16, 2017
This webinar examines different types of baffles (TEMA and non-TEMA) and demonstrates how different baffles affect heat exchanger performance. Further, we discuss some rules-of-thumb for proper design with respect to baffle cut, spacing, and orientation. Finally, we will provide a summary of the performance characteristics of the different baffle types, to...
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TT-5 Design guidance for distributor plates in X shells
September 28, 2026
This TechTip provides general guidance on distributor plate design if a distributor plate is deemed necessary. It does not provide guidance about determining if a plate is necessary or whether other means to ensure adequate distribution are acceptable....
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