F-EX-1-11 Crystalline Fouling Studies

R. B. Ritter

1982

In a study of fouling of heat exchangers, aqueous solutions of CaSO₄ (calcium sulfate) and Li₂SO₄ (lithium sulfate) were circulated through electrically heated tubes at controlled conditions. Measured induction periods and fouling rates of both salts were found to be primarily functions of the supersaturation of the solutions. Secondary correlating parameters were surface temperature for the Li₂SO₄ solutions and mass transfer coefficients for the CaSO₄ solutions.